Glossary

A single piece of published or unpublished research, such as a journal article, working paper, book chapter, or research report. Studies might contain multiple manuscripts, and manuscripts might contain multiple studies. See the Protocol for the Pathways to Work Evidence Clearinghouse for more information.

A condition or conditions that affect a person’s thoughts, feelings, mood, or behaviors. Mental health conditions that may be considered employment barriers include depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, or personality disorders.

Inpatient or outpatient services to support or treat participants for mental health diagnoses. Services may include referrals for assessment, medication, counseling, or residential treatment.

A person who served on active duty in the U.S. armed forces and was discharged or released under a condition other than "dishonorable."

We have some evidence from impact studies of moderate or high quality that indicates the program improves a given outcome, and some evidence that indicates it worsens that outcome.

A model refers to a clearly defined and recognized bundle of services and policies or framework for service delivery. A model may be adapted when implemented in a specific context.

The quality of the study is moderate, meaning we can be somewhat confident in the study findings. However, factors other than the program examined could have influenced the study findings, and the study might not have fully accounted for those factors. We assign this rating to findings from randomized controlled trial studies that, because of flaws in the study (for example, high sample attrition), do not meet the criteria for the high rating but satisfy other design criteria. We also assign the moderate rating to study findings from well-executed quasi-experimental design studies.