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Summary

Bridge to Employment in the Healthcare Industry (BTH) provided health care training in patient care, technical, or administrative occupations to individuals with low incomes interested in a career in health care.

Participants first met with a counselor who helped them select an accredited training program in a patient care, technical, or administrative health care occupation. The counselor also identified any barriers participants might face and connected participants with supportive services such as transportation or child care assistance, Individual Training Accounts to cover the cost of training, and employment services and job search assistance. Supportive services could be funded up to $1,000, and Individual Training Accounts could cover between $7,000 and $10,000 for training, depending on the chosen occupation. The program focused on individuals who were at least 18 years old, received Temporary Assistance for Needy Families or were low income (as defined by the program; before the study, participants had an average annual income of about $17,000), had a high school diploma or GED, were eligible to work in the United States, and scored above the sixth- to eighth-grade level on a basic-skills assessment. BTH was implemented in San Diego County, CA.

BTH was part of the Pathways for Advancing Careers and Education study which also evaluated the following career pathways programs: Carreras en Salud, Health Careers for All, Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training, Pathways to Healthcare, Patient Care Pathway Program, Valley Initiative for Development and Advancement, Workforce Training Academy Connect, and Year Up.

Populations and employment barriers:

Implementation at a glance

Program services
Case management, Employment coaching, Job readiness, Job search assistance, Post-employment participant follow-up, Stipends
Setting(s)
Tested in multiple settings
Year evaluation began
2012
Implementing organization(s)Comprehensive Training Services; Metropolitan Area Advisory Committee; North County Lifeline

Effectiveness rating and effect by outcome domain

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Outcome domain Term Effectiveness rating Effect in 2024 dollars and percentages Effect in standard deviations Sample size
Increase earnings Short-term Cannot assess support
Long-term Little evidence to assess support favorable $2,843 per year 0.078 974
Very long-term Cannot assess support
Increase employment Short-term Cannot assess support
Long-term Cannot assess support
Very long-term Cannot assess support
Decrease benefit receipt Short-term Cannot assess support
Long-term Little evidence to assess support unfavorable $79 per year 0.023 658
Very long-term Cannot assess support
Increase education and training All measurement periods Cannot assess support

Effectiveness ratings

  • Well- supported
  • Supported
  • Mixed support
  • Not supported
  • Insufficient evidence
  • Cannot assess support

Studies of this program

Study quality rating Study counts per rating
High High 1

Program cost

No cost information available.

Cost results

Estimate (in 2024 dollars) Quality of cost analysis that produced the estimate
Total program cost, per participant $7,393
Good quality
Net benefit to participants, per participant $3,196
Good quality

Cost information

How much did the program cost per participant? 

The average total program cost per participant was $7,393 in 2024 dollars. This figure is based on cost information for this program reported in one cost study reviewed by Pathways to Work (for details, see the FAQ). This study received a rating of Good quality for the cost analysis.

How much did the program cost relative to the benefits it generated? 

A cost-benefit analysis was conducted in the cost study reviewed, receiving a rating of Good quality. The net benefit to participants was $3,196 per participant in 2024 dollars. This means that the net program benefit to participants (difference in benefits between the program and comparison group) was $3,196 more than the net cost of the program to participants. The estimate is expressed as the net present value, which accounts for differences in the timing of when benefits and costs occurred. In addition, the net benefit to the federal government was -$3,968 per participant in 2024 dollars. The net benefit to state and local government was $494 per participant in 2024 dollars. the net benefit to society was -$423 per participant in 2024 dollars. The net benefit to the rest of society, defined in the study as private education and training institutions, was -$146 per participant in 2024 dollars.

Cost information is not directly comparable across programs due to differences in the categories of costs reported and program length. Cost information is not an official price tag or guarantee.

Implementation details

Local context

Characteristics of research participants
Black or African American
22%
White, not Hispanic
20%
Unknown, not reported, or other
15%
Hispanic or Latino of any race
47%

Pathways to Work refers to programs by the names used in study reports or manuscripts. Some program names may use language that is not consistent with our style guide, preferences, or the terminology we use to describe populations.