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Summary

Alabama’s Avenues to Self-Sufficiency Through Employment and Training Services (ASSETS) program streamlined the administration of Alabama’s Food Stamp Program (FSP) and Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), and provided services to increase assistance recipients’ self-sufficiency.

ASSETS was one of the demonstration projects made possible by Section 1115 waivers to the rules in effect at the time for the AFDC program. These Section 1115 waivers allowed states to test new approaches to advance the objectives of the AFDC program.

First, ASSETS consolidated AFDC and FSP into a single program and administrative process. This resulted in a more streamlined approach in which benefits from these programs were offered in the form of a single cash grant, rather than as coupons or separate checks. In addition, financial eligibility criteria and program participation requirements were simplified and standardized. This meant that two-parent families whose children met FSP income eligibility requirements could be eligible for AFDC.

Second, ASSETS extended the requirements for recipients to participate in employment and training programs. Specifically, parents in families only receiving FSP faced the same employment and training participation requirements as parents in families receiving AFDC.

Third, ASSETS required FSP recipient cooperation to establish court-ordered child support obligations, matching the requirement of AFDC recipients.

Finally, case managers administered all income assistance programs, determined Medicaid eligibility, and provided recipients with access to employment and training services. ASSETS was implemented in Limestone, Clark, and Madison counties.

Populations and employment barriers: Public benefits recipients
Populations and employment barriers: Public benefits recipients
Populations and employment barriers: Public benefits recipients

Implementation at a glance

Program services
Case management, Job placement, Job readiness, Job search assistance
Setting(s)
Rural only Urban only
Year evaluation began
1990
Implementing organization(s)Alabama Department of Human Resources

Effectiveness ratings

  • Well- supported
  • Supported
  • Mixed support
  • Not supported
  • Insufficient evidence
  • Cannot assess support

Studies of this program

Study quality rating Study counts per rating
Low Low 3

Program cost

No cost information available.

Cost results

Estimates (in 2024 dollars) Quality of cost analysis that produced the estimates
Annual program cost, per participant * $201–$293
Good quality
Annual net benefit to participants, per participant -$216
Good quality

* See below for further details on the cost analysis.

Cost information

How much did the program cost per participant?

The average annual cost per participant ranged from $201 to $293 in 2024 dollars. This figure is based on cost information reported in one cost study reviewed by Pathways to Work (for details, see the FAQ). The ASSETS study was conducted in three counties implementing the program: Madison ($201 per participant), Limestone ($249 per participant), and Clarke ($293 per participant). These studies all received a rating of Good quality for the cost analyses.

How much did the program cost relative to the benefits it generated?

A cost-benefit analysis was conducted in the cost study reviewed, receiving a rating of Good quality. The cost-benefit analysis pooled the three counties in the study, producing an overall estimate of annual net benefits. The annual net benefit to participants was -$216 per participant in 2024 dollars. This means that the annual net program benefit to participants (difference in benefits between the program and comparison group) was $216 less than the annual net cost of the program to participants. The estimate is expressed as the net present value, which accounts for differences in the timing of when benefits and costs occurred. In addition, the annual net benefit to government was -$123 per participant in 2024 dollars. The study broke out this estimate into an annual net benefit of -$18 to the federal government and an annual net benefit to state and local government of -$105.

Cost information is not directly comparable across programs due to differences in the categories of costs reported and program length. Cost information is not an official price tag or guarantee.

Implementation details

Local context

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