CE participants were military veterans who found unsubsidized jobs in the competitive market on their own. They received the standard VA services, including VA health care, education benefits, home loan assistance, disability compensation, and vocational rehabilitation and employment assistance, but no specific employment-focused intervention. Veterans could receive the standard services indefinitely.
The effectiveness of CE when compared with the effectiveness of TWE indicates the effect of a set of services that includes those unique to CE; the comparison indicates how much better CE meets participants’ needs than TWE. CE participants received standard VA services but no specific employment-focused intervention. In contrast, TWE participants received up to a year of structured vocational rehabilitation services and therapeutic work placements.
This study was part of the Therapeutic Employment Placement and Support demonstration, which also evaluated the Individual Placement and Support program, TWE only, and TWE followed by CE.