Quantity of research evidence by services across outcomes

This map shows the number of interventions with rigorous evidence of effectiveness (i.e., evidence of whether the intervention had an effect) across each of 10 employment-related outcomes, for each service category. Interventions that deliver multiple services are counted more than once.

This map counts interventions that:

Offer the service shown (potentially together with other services)
Have high- or moderate-rated evidence (regardless of whether this evidence is favorable, unfavorable, or inconclusive) of their effect on outcomes within a given domain

Sample questions this map can answer:

Which services are more common within interventions that have been rigorously evaluated on earnings?
Is there more evidence on short-, long-, or very long-term employment?
Is there any evidence for interventions that include physical health services?

Download the Pathways Clearinghouse Evidence Gap Maps User’s Guide (1104 KB)

Review services terms

Service	Short-term	Long-term	Very long-term	Short-term	Long-term	Very long-term	Short-term	Long-term	Very long-term	Any term
	Increase earnings			Increase employment			Decrease benefit receipt			Increase education and training
Case management	10089 View 89 intervention(s)	10093 View 93 intervention(s)	10011 View 11 intervention(s)	10087 View 87 intervention(s)	10088 View 88 intervention(s)	10011 View 11 intervention(s)	10059 View 59 intervention(s)	10072 View 72 intervention(s)	10013 View 13 intervention(s)	10036 View 36 intervention(s)
Education	10059 View 59 intervention(s)	10062 View 62 intervention(s)	10009 View 9 intervention(s)	10058 View 58 intervention(s)	10059 View 59 intervention(s)	10009 View 9 intervention(s)	10039 View 39 intervention(s)	10044 View 44 intervention(s)	10005 View 5 intervention(s)	10032 View 32 intervention(s)
Employment retention services	10039 View 39 intervention(s)	10035 View 35 intervention(s)	10005 View 5 intervention(s)	10037 View 37 intervention(s)	10034 View 34 intervention(s)	10005 View 5 intervention(s)	10024 View 24 intervention(s)	10030 View 30 intervention(s)	10007 View 7 intervention(s)	10010 View 10 intervention(s)
Financial education	10020 View 20 intervention(s)	10020 View 20 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10020 View 20 intervention(s)	10020 View 20 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10013 View 13 intervention(s)	10016 View 16 intervention(s)	10003 View 3 intervention(s)	10012 View 12 intervention(s)
Financial incentives	10039 View 39 intervention(s)	10035 View 35 intervention(s)	10006 View 6 intervention(s)	10039 View 39 intervention(s)	10036 View 36 intervention(s)	10005 View 5 intervention(s)	10032 View 32 intervention(s)	10032 View 32 intervention(s)	10007 View 7 intervention(s)	10013 View 13 intervention(s)
Health services	10022 View 22 intervention(s)	10018 View 18 intervention(s)	10003 View 3 intervention(s)	10022 View 22 intervention(s)	10019 View 19 intervention(s)	10003 View 3 intervention(s)	10017 View 17 intervention(s)	10018 View 18 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10006 View 6 intervention(s)
Health services (Physical health services)	10003 View 3 intervention(s)	10003 View 3 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10002 View 2 intervention(s)
Health services (Substance use disorder treatment and mental health services)	10014 View 14 intervention(s)	10012 View 12 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10014 View 14 intervention(s)	10012 View 12 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10008 View 8 intervention(s)	10010 View 10 intervention(s)	10002 View 2 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)
Sanctions	10031 View 31 intervention(s)	10032 View 32 intervention(s)	10003 View 3 intervention(s)	10030 View 30 intervention(s)	10029 View 29 intervention(s)	10003 View 3 intervention(s)	10032 View 32 intervention(s)	10034 View 34 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10014 View 14 intervention(s)
Soft skills training	10050 View 50 intervention(s)	10047 View 47 intervention(s)	10009 View 9 intervention(s)	10051 View 51 intervention(s)	10047 View 47 intervention(s)	10009 View 9 intervention(s)	10026 View 26 intervention(s)	10034 View 34 intervention(s)	10009 View 9 intervention(s)	10026 View 26 intervention(s)
Supportive services	10070 View 70 intervention(s)	10079 View 79 intervention(s)	10015 View 15 intervention(s)	10069 View 69 intervention(s)	10076 View 76 intervention(s)	10015 View 15 intervention(s)	10050 View 50 intervention(s)	10061 View 61 intervention(s)	10012 View 12 intervention(s)	10039 View 39 intervention(s)
Training	10076 View 76 intervention(s)	10076 View 76 intervention(s)	10015 View 15 intervention(s)	10075 View 75 intervention(s)	10071 View 71 intervention(s)	10015 View 15 intervention(s)	10048 View 48 intervention(s)	10057 View 57 intervention(s)	10012 View 12 intervention(s)	10037 View 37 intervention(s)
Training (Occupational or sectoral training)	10047 View 47 intervention(s)	10053 View 53 intervention(s)	10012 View 12 intervention(s)	10046 View 46 intervention(s)	10048 View 48 intervention(s)	10012 View 12 intervention(s)	10023 View 23 intervention(s)	10037 View 37 intervention(s)	10008 View 8 intervention(s)	10031 View 31 intervention(s)
Work and work-based learning	10060 View 60 intervention(s)	10057 View 57 intervention(s)	10006 View 6 intervention(s)	10058 View 58 intervention(s)	10051 View 51 intervention(s)	10006 View 6 intervention(s)	10035 View 35 intervention(s)	10046 View 46 intervention(s)	10006 View 6 intervention(s)	10030 View 30 intervention(s)
Work and work-based learning (Apprenticeships)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10002 View 2 intervention(s)	10000	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10002 View 2 intervention(s)	10000	10002 View 2 intervention(s)	10002 View 2 intervention(s)	10000	10002 View 2 intervention(s)
Work and work-based learning (Individual Placement and Support)	10005 View 5 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10000	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10000	10002 View 2 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10000	10001 View 1 intervention(s)
Work and work-based learning (On-the-job training)	10014 View 14 intervention(s)	10013 View 13 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10013 View 13 intervention(s)	10013 View 13 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10011 View 11 intervention(s)	10011 View 11 intervention(s)	10000	10007 View 7 intervention(s)
Work and work-based learning (Subsidized employment)	10026 View 26 intervention(s)	10024 View 24 intervention(s)	10003 View 3 intervention(s)	10025 View 25 intervention(s)	10024 View 24 intervention(s)	10003 View 3 intervention(s)	10014 View 14 intervention(s)	10019 View 19 intervention(s)	10002 View 2 intervention(s)	10015 View 15 intervention(s)
Work and work-based learning (Transitional jobs)	10012 View 12 intervention(s)	10011 View 11 intervention(s)	10000	10012 View 12 intervention(s)	10011 View 11 intervention(s)	10000	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10009 View 9 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)
Work and work-based learning (Unpaid work experience)	10015 View 15 intervention(s)	10021 View 21 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10015 View 15 intervention(s)	10016 View 16 intervention(s)	10001 View 1 intervention(s)	10014 View 14 intervention(s)	10019 View 19 intervention(s)	10002 View 2 intervention(s)	10009 View 9 intervention(s)
Work and work-based learning (Work experience)	10033 View 33 intervention(s)	10035 View 35 intervention(s)	10006 View 6 intervention(s)	10032 View 32 intervention(s)	10029 View 29 intervention(s)	10006 View 6 intervention(s)	10024 View 24 intervention(s)	10029 View 29 intervention(s)	10005 View 5 intervention(s)	10017 View 17 intervention(s)
Work readiness activities	10098 View 98 intervention(s)	10097 View 97 intervention(s)	10015 View 15 intervention(s)	10097 View 97 intervention(s)	10090 View 90 intervention(s)	10015 View 15 intervention(s)	10066 View 66 intervention(s)	10079 View 79 intervention(s)	10017 View 17 intervention(s)	10039 View 39 intervention(s)
Work readiness activities (Employment coaching)	10017 View 17 intervention(s)	10016 View 16 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10018 View 18 intervention(s)	10016 View 16 intervention(s)	10004 View 4 intervention(s)	10011 View 11 intervention(s)	10015 View 15 intervention(s)	10006 View 6 intervention(s)	10006 View 6 intervention(s)
Work readiness activities (Job development/job placement)	10056 View 56 intervention(s)	10049 View 49 intervention(s)	10010 View 10 intervention(s)	10053 View 53 intervention(s)	10047 View 47 intervention(s)	10010 View 10 intervention(s)	10032 View 32 intervention(s)	10039 View 39 intervention(s)	10011 View 11 intervention(s)	10017 View 17 intervention(s)
Work readiness activities (Job search assistance)	10074 View 74 intervention(s)	10075 View 75 intervention(s)	10011 View 11 intervention(s)	10074 View 74 intervention(s)	10068 View 68 intervention(s)	10011 View 11 intervention(s)	10049 View 49 intervention(s)	10061 View 61 intervention(s)	10013 View 13 intervention(s)	10030 View 30 intervention(s)

Map of All Interventions with Evidence by Services Offered

Key